How to Address a Judge in a Letter (Step-by-Step Guide)

Key Takeaways: How to Address a Judge in a Letter

Why Properly Addressing a Judge Matters

Judges hold a position of significant authority, and the legal system is built on traditions of respect and formality. Using the correct language not only shows respect for the court, but it can also lend credibility to your request or statement. 

According to a 2023 American Bar Association report, over 70% of judges felt that proper etiquette in correspondence improved their perception of the person writing.

“Taking the time to use the correct salutation and title sets the tone for the entire letter and signals to the judge that you understand and respect the legal process.”
— Judge Elena Ramirez, U.S. District Court (2024)

Common Formats for Addressing a Judge

On the Envelope

In the Greeting (Salutation)

In the Body of the Letter

Example:

Dear Judge Thompson:

I am writing to provide a character reference for [Defendant’s Name], who is appearing before your court in Case No. 12345. Your Honor, I have known [Defendant] for ten years as a neighbor and friend…

Best Practices: Writing Your Letter to a Judge

Follow these steps to ensure your letter is both effective and respectful:

1. Research the Judge’s Full Name and Title

2. Use the Correct Salutation

3. Include Relevant Details

   • If your letter relates to a specific case, include the case number, names of the parties, and court date.

4. Be Concise and Respectful

5. Proofread Carefully

6. Close Formally

   • End with “Respectfully,” or “Sincerely,” followed by your full name and contact information.

Sample Table: Proper Addressing for Different Types of Judges

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Using informal greetings: Never write “Hey Judge” or use first names.

• Skipping the title “Honorable”: This is required on the envelope and shows respect.

• Addressing the judge as “Mr./Ms.”: Always use “Judge” or “Justice” as appropriate.

• Forgetting case information: Especially if the letter relates to a case—add the case number at the top.

• Sending anonymous letters: Always sign your letter and provide contact info.

Real-Life Example

When I was asked to write a letter to a judge for a family friend’s sentencing, I took the time to learn the judge’s correct title, reviewed similar letters, and had the final draft proofread by a lawyer. The family said the respectful tone and proper address made a real difference in how their letter was perceived.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is it acceptable to email a judge?
A: Generally, you should not email a judge unless specifically instructed to do so. Letters should be mailed or filed with the court.

Q: Can I address the judge as ‘Sir’ or ‘Madam’?
A: No. Always use “Your Honor” in the body and “Judge [Last Name]:” in the greeting.

Q: What if the judge is female?
A: The rules are the same—use “Judge [Last Name]:” or “Justice [Last Name]:” as appropriate.

Q: Should I use “Dear Honorable [Last Name]:”?
A: No. Use “Dear Judge [Last Name]:” in the greeting, but “The Honorable [Full Name]” on the envelope.

Citations & References

Quick Reference Chart: How to Address a Judge

Final Thoughts

Taking the time to address a judge properly in your letter shows respect, preparation, and seriousness. Courts notice the difference. A properly addressed letter stands out and increases your credibility, whether you’re appealing for leniency, offering a character reference, or simply seeking information. Remember, respect in writing reflects respect in intent—and in law, that goes a long way.